{"id":1529,"date":"2025-03-30T05:26:55","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T22:26:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/?p=1529"},"modified":"2025-03-30T05:26:55","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T22:26:55","slug":"icann-internet-corporation-for-assigned-names-and-numbers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/icann-internet-corporation-for-assigned-names-and-numbers\/","title":{"rendered":"ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Apa Itu ICANN?<\/h2>\n<p>ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) adalah sebuah organisasi nirlaba independen yang bertanggung jawab atas <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/IP-address\/\">alokasi alamat Internet Protocol (IP)<\/a>, penetapan parameter protokol, pengelolaan sistem nama domain (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/domain-name-system\/\">DNS<\/a>), serta pengelolaan sistem root server. Sebelumnya, tugas-tugas ini dilakukan oleh Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).<\/p>\n<p>ICANN diucapkan sebagai &#8220;EYE-can&#8221;, seperti dalam kalimat &#8220;Saya bisa mencoba mengelola internet.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2>Apa Tujuan ICANN dan Kenapa Itu Penting?<\/h2>\n<p>ICANN adalah kemitraan publik-swasta yang bertanggung jawab atas beberapa hal terkait nama dan nomor di internet:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"default-list\/\">\n<li><strong>Alokasi ruang alamat IP.<\/strong> ICANN mengatur distribusi alamat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/IPv4-address-class\/\">IPv4<\/a> dan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/IPv6-Internet-Protocol-Version-6\/\">IPv6<\/a> melalui lima registri internet regional.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pengelolaan sistem nama domain tingkat atas.<\/strong> ICANN mengatur DNS melalui registrar domain terakreditasi yang berwenang menjual nama domain.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Penetapan identifikasi protokol.<\/strong> ICANN mengelola identifikasi protokol seperti nomor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/port-number\/\">port<\/a> dan nomor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/autonomous-system\/\">sistem otonom<\/a> yang digunakan dalam rute jaringan global.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Manajemen domain tingkat atas.<\/strong> ICANN mengatur domain tingkat atas generik (gTLD) dan kode negara (ccTLD).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pengelolaan sistem server nama domain root.<\/strong> ICANN bertanggung jawab menjaga sistem server root agar tetap stabil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fungsi-fungsi ini penting untuk menjaga stabilitas internet global dan memastikan konektivitas yang lancar. ICANN harus menyeimbangkan berbagai kepentingan lokal, nasional, dan internasional dalam mengelola DNS.<\/p>\n<h2>Biaya Registri ICANN<\/h2>\n<p>ICANN mengumpulkan tiga jenis biaya dari registrar domain:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"default-list\/\">\n<li><strong>Biaya akreditasi tahunan.<\/strong> Sebesar $4.000 per tahun untuk setiap registrar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biaya variabel.<\/strong> Dibayar setiap kuartal sebagai bagian dari biaya layanan ICANN.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biaya transaksi.<\/strong> Setiap kali domain didaftarkan, diperpanjang, atau ditransfer, registrar mengumpulkan $0,18 yang akan dibayarkan ke ICANN.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Struktur dan Sejarah ICANN<\/h2>\n<p>ICANN didirikan setelah kebutuhan globalisasi pengelolaan internet semakin mendesak. Awalnya, pengelolaan internet dilakukan oleh IANA di bawah kontrak dengan pemerintah AS.<\/p>\n<p>ICANN memiliki 16 direktur dengan hak suara dan 4 perwakilan non-voting. Presiden dan CEO ICANN juga menjadi bagian dari dewan direksi.<\/p>\n<h2>Kritik terhadap ICANN<\/h2>\n<p>Sejak awal, ICANN menghadapi berbagai kontroversi, seperti perdebatan mengenai domain tingkat atas baru dan transparansi pengelolaannya.<\/p>\n<p>Di masa lalu, ICANN didanai oleh Departemen Perdagangan AS, sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran soal netralitasnya. Kini, meski sudah mandiri, ada kritik bahwa ICANN harus lebih transparan dan bertanggung jawab kepada komunitas global.<\/p>\n<h2>Model Akuntabilitas ICANN<\/h2>\n<p>ICANN memiliki mekanisme untuk memastikan transparansi dan akuntabilitas melalui:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"default-list\/\">\n<li><strong>Akuntabilitas publik.<\/strong> ICANN menggunakan berbagai mekanisme untuk menunjukkan bahwa mereka bertindak secara bertanggung jawab.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Akuntabilitas hukum dan perusahaan.<\/strong> ICANN harus memenuhi kewajiban kontraktual dan hukum.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Akuntabilitas komunitas.<\/strong> ICANN diharapkan bertindak sesuai dengan harapan komunitas internet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ICANN secara rutin mempublikasikan dokumen terkait operasinya. Informasi yang dirahasiakan hanya mencakup data pribadi pegawai atau diskusi rahasia dengan pemerintah.<\/p>\n<h2>Sejarah ICANN<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"default-list\/\">\n<li><strong>1983.<\/strong> IANA dibentuk sebagai bagian dari proyek DARPA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1998.<\/strong> ICANN didirikan sebagai organisasi nirlaba global.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2000.<\/strong> ICANN menandatangani kontrak dengan Departemen Perdagangan AS untuk mengelola fungsi IANA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2016.<\/strong> ICANN mengakhiri kontrak dengan pemerintah AS, menjadi organisasi independen.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2017.<\/strong> ICANN mulai beroperasi dengan model multi-stakeholder global.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apa Itu ICANN? ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) adalah sebuah organisasi nirlaba independen yang bertanggung jawab atas alokasi alamat Internet Protocol (IP), penetapan parameter protokol, pengelolaan sistem nama domain (DNS), serta pengelolaan sistem root server. Sebelumnya, tugas-tugas ini dilakukan oleh Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). ICANN diucapkan sebagai &#8220;EYE-can&#8221;, seperti dalam kalimat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-1529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computer-science","tag-application-development"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Apa itu ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)? - Istilah Komputer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/icann-internet-corporation-for-assigned-names-and-numbers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apa itu ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)? - Istilah Komputer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apa Itu ICANN? 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