{"id":2787,"date":"2025-04-27T12:25:02","date_gmt":"2025-04-27T05:25:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/?p=2787"},"modified":"2025-04-27T12:25:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-27T05:25:02","slug":"routing-table","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/routing-table\/","title":{"rendered":"routing table"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Apa itu Routing Table?<\/h2>\n<p>Routing table adalah sekumpulan aturan (biasanya berbentuk tabel) yang digunakan untuk menentukan ke mana <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/packet\/\">paket data<\/a> akan diarahkan saat melintasi jaringan berbasis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/Internet-Protocol\/\">Internet Protocol (IP)<\/a>. Umumnya, routing table ini disimpan di dalam <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/RAM-random-access-memory\/\">RAM<\/a> pada perangkat jaringan seperti router atau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/switch\/\">switch<\/a>.<br \/>\nDalam dunia jaringan komputer, setiap routing table itu unik dan berfungsi seperti peta alamat untuk jaringan. Routing table ini berisi IP address sumber dan tujuan dalam bentuk prefix, alamat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/gateway\/\">gateway<\/a> default, serta informasi routing yang relevan.<\/p>\n<p>Routing table biasanya diperbarui secara dinamis menggunakan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/protocol\/\">routing protocol<\/a>. Tapi, dalam beberapa kasus, administrator jaringan bisa juga menambahkan entri secara manual (static).<\/p>\n<h2>Bagaimana Cara Kerja Routing Table?<\/h2>\n<p>Fungsi utama routing table adalah membantu router mengambil keputusan routing yang tepat. Saat sebuah paket lewat router untuk dikirim ke perangkat di jaringan lain, router akan mengecek routing table untuk menemukan IP address tujuan dan jalur terbaik yang harus dilalui. Paket ini lalu diteruskan ke router tetangga (next hop) sesuai yang tercantum di tabel, sampai akhirnya sampai ke tujuan.<br \/>\nMenurut AWS, router bisa mengecek routing table jutaan kali per detik demi menangani <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/network-traffic\/\">traffic jaringan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Isi dari Routing Table<\/h2>\n<p>Routing table bisa berisi berbagai macam informasi, termasuk alamat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/IPv4-address-class\/\">IPv4<\/a> maupun <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/IPv6-Internet-Protocol-Version-6\/\">IPv6<\/a>. Tapi, struktur utamanya tetap sama, yaitu:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"default-list\/\">\n<li><strong>Destination.<\/strong> IP address tujuan dari paket yang dikirim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Subnet mask.<\/strong> Atau netmask, adalah alamat jaringan 32-bit yang menentukan apakah host ada di jaringan lokal atau jaringan remote. Admin bisa mengatur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/subnet\/\">subnet<\/a> khusus lewat proses <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/searchnetworking\/tip\/How-to-subnet-Subnetting-calculations-and-shortcuts\/\">subnetting<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gateway.<\/strong> Alamat IP dari perangkat next hop tempat paket akan diteruskan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interface.<\/strong> Nama interface jaringan (seperti eth0, eth1) yang dipakai untuk mengirim paket ke next hop. Bisa berupa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/Ethernet\/\">Ethernet<\/a> atau koneksi serial untuk WAN (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/WAN-wide-area-network\/\">Wide Area Network<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Metric.<\/strong> Nilai yang diberikan ke tiap jalur untuk membantu router memilih rute terbaik. Semakin kecil nilai metric, semakin prioritas jalurnya.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Routes.<\/strong> Meliputi subnet langsung, subnet tidak langsung (dicapai lewat beberapa hop), dan default route untuk traffic tertentu atau saat info tujuan tidak lengkap.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"main-article-image full-col\" data-img-fullsize=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/routing_table-f.jpg\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/routing_table-f.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/routing_table-f.jpg 960w,https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/routing_table-f.jpg 1280w\" alt=\"routing table\" width=\"900\/\" height=\"743\" \/><figcaption><i class=\"icon pictures\" data-icon=\"z\/\"><\/i>Screenshot isi dari sebuah routing table.<\/figcaption><div class=\"main-article-image-enlarge\/\"><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h2>Bagaimana Routing Jaringan Bekerja?<\/h2>\n<p>Agar paket jaringan bisa sampai tujuan, ada beberapa tahapan yang terjadi:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"default-list\/\">\n<li><strong>Komputer mengirim paket ke router.<\/strong> Komputer melampirkan IP address ke paket data seperti alamat pada paket pos, lalu mengirimnya ke router melalui <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/local-area-network-LAN\/\">LAN<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Router menerima paket.<\/strong> Router mengecek paket dengan routing table internal untuk mencari jalur tercepat ke tujuan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Router meneruskan paket.<\/strong> Biasanya router pertama tidak langsung ke tujuan, jadi paket diteruskan ke next hop, sambil menjaga jumlah hop sekecil mungkin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proses ini berulang.<\/strong> Setiap router berikutnya melakukan proses serupa sampai paket mendekati IP tujuan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Paket sampai ke tujuan.<\/strong> Setelah mencapai jaringan yang sama dengan IP tujuan, paket langsung dikirim ke device atau server yang dimaksud.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Jenis Routing: Static Routing vs. Dynamic Routing<\/h2>\n<p>Routing adalah proses memilih jalur terbaik untuk mengantarkan data. Secara umum, ada dua cara membuat dan memelihara routing table: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/searchnetworking\/answer\/Static-and-dynamic-routing\/\">static routing dan dynamic routing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Static Routing<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"default-list\/\">\n<li>Admin jaringan membuat, mengelola, dan memperbarui entri routing secara manual.<\/li>\n<li>Entri tidak berubah kecuali diubah manual oleh admin.<\/li>\n<li>Memberikan kontrol penuh untuk konektivitas tiap jalur.<\/li>\n<li>Kurang cocok untuk jaringan besar karena terlalu banyak entri manual yang harus dikelola.<\/li>\n<li>Lebih hemat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/searchnetworking\/tip\/How-to-calculate-network-bandwidth-requirements\/\">bandwidth<\/a> karena router tidak berbagi informasi jalur.<\/li>\n<li>Tidak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/fault-tolerant\/\">fault tolerant<\/a>; perubahan infrastruktur harus ditangani manual.<\/li>\n<li>Kalau ada link putus, router tidak bisa otomatis pilih jalur lain.<\/li>\n<li>Static route punya Administrative Distance (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/support\/docs\/ip\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/15986-admin-distance.html\/\">AD<\/a>) default 1, lebih prioritas dibanding dynamic route kecuali AD diubah (jadi floating static route).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Dynamic Routing<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"default-list\/\">\n<li>Router otomatis membangun dan memperbarui routing table menggunakan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/protocol\/\">routing protocol<\/a> seperti <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/Routing-Information-Protocol\/\">RIP<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/EIGRP\/\">EIGRP<\/a>, dan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/OSPF-Open-Shortest-Path-First\/\">OSPF<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Router bisa &#8220;mendengarkan&#8221; perubahan di jaringan seperti failure atau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/traffic-shaping\/\">congestion<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Mengonsumsi lebih banyak bandwidth karena router saling bertukar info jalur.<\/li>\n<li>Router bisa otomatis cari jalur baru kalau ada perubahan topologi.<\/li>\n<li>Lebih mudah dikonfigurasi di jaringan besar.<\/li>\n<li>Bisa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/load-balancing\/\">load balancing<\/a> antar beberapa link.<\/li>\n<li>Routing protocol (bukan admin) yang menentukan rute terbaik ke tujuan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apa itu Routing Table? Routing table adalah sekumpulan aturan (biasanya berbentuk tabel) yang digunakan untuk menentukan ke mana paket data akan diarahkan saat melintasi jaringan berbasis Internet Protocol (IP). Umumnya, routing table ini disimpan di dalam RAM pada perangkat jaringan seperti router atau switch. Dalam dunia jaringan komputer, setiap routing table itu unik dan berfungsi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[92],"class_list":["post-2787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computer-science","tag-network-infrastructure"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Apa itu routing table? - Istilah Komputer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/routing-table\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apa itu routing table? - Istilah Komputer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apa itu Routing Table? Routing table adalah sekumpulan aturan (biasanya berbentuk tabel) yang digunakan untuk menentukan ke mana paket data akan diarahkan saat melintasi jaringan berbasis Internet Protocol (IP). Umumnya, routing table ini disimpan di dalam RAM pada perangkat jaringan seperti router atau switch. 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