{"id":2940,"date":"2025-08-03T16:35:04","date_gmt":"2025-08-03T09:35:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/?p=2940"},"modified":"2025-08-03T16:35:04","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T09:35:04","slug":"six-degrees-of-separation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/six-degrees-of-separation\/","title":{"rendered":"six degrees of separation"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Apa itu Six Degrees of Separation?<\/h3>\n<p><em>Six degrees of separation<\/em> adalah teori yang menyatakan bahwa setiap orang di dunia bisa saling terhubung hanya lewat rantai perantara yang tidak lebih dari lima orang. Jadi, kamu bisa terkoneksi dengan siapa saja di dunia ini hanya lewat maksimal enam langkah hubungan.<\/p>\n<p>Konsep ini sering divisualisasikan menggunakan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/graph-database\/\">graph database<\/a>, yaitu salah satu jenis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/NoSQL-Not-Only-SQL\/\">NoSQL database<\/a> yang menggunakan teori graf untuk menyimpan, memetakan, dan mencari hubungan. Dalam praktiknya, teori ini digunakan untuk banyak hal, seperti pemetaan jaringan listrik, penyebaran penyakit, desain sirkuit komputer, hingga algoritma peringkat di mesin pencari.<\/p>\n<div class=\"youtube-iframe-container\/\">\n<div class=\"entry-content-asset\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What is a Graph Database? What is it Used For?\" width=\"980\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IuwAAfAMfdg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Bagaimana Six Degrees of Separation bekerja?<\/h3>\n<p>Gambar di bawah ini (Figure 1) memperlihatkan ilustrasi sederhananya. Misalnya, orang A ingin mengirim pesan ke orang K. Jalurnya bisa seperti ini:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"default-list\/\">\n<li>Orang A ke Orang B<\/li>\n<li>Orang B ke Orang C<\/li>\n<li>Orang C ke Orang E<\/li>\n<li>Orang E ke Orang F<\/li>\n<li>Orang F ke Orang J<\/li>\n<li>Orang J ke Orang K<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Jadi, dengan lima orang perantara, pesannya tetap sampai ke tujuan.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"main-article-image full-col\" data-img-fullsize=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/six_degrees_of_separation_example-f.png\/\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/six_degrees_of_separation_example-f_mobile.png\" \n       srcset=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/six_degrees_of_separation_example-f_mobile.png 960w,\n               https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/six_degrees_of_separation_example-f.png 1280w\" \n       alt=\"Six degrees of separation example\" width=\"559\/\" height=\"274\" \/><figcaption>\n    <i class=\"icon pictures\" data-icon=\"z\/\"><\/i>Figure 1. Contoh sederhana bagaimana enam derajat pemisah bekerja, dengan maksimal lima perantara antar dua orang.<br \/>\n  <\/figcaption><div class=\"main-article-image-enlarge\/\"><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h3>Asal mula konsep six degrees of separation<\/h3>\n<p>Konsep ini pertama kali dikenalkan pada tahun 1929 oleh penulis asal Hungaria, Frigyes Karinthy, dalam cerita pendek berjudul <em>Chains<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Lalu di tahun 1950-an, dua peneliti, Ithiel de Sola Pool dari MIT dan Manfred Kochen dari <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/IBM-International-Business-Machines\/\">IBM<\/a>, mencoba membuktikannya secara matematis. Mereka berhasil memformulasikan pertanyaannya secara statistik, tapi setelah 20 tahun riset, mereka belum bisa menyelesaikannya dengan memuaskan.<\/p>\n<h3>Eksperimen awal untuk menguji teori ini<\/h3>\n<p>Tahun 1967, sosiolog Amerika bernama Stanley Milgram membuat eksperimen yang dikenal sebagai <em>small-world problem<\/em>. Ia meminta orang-orang di Kansas dan Nebraska untuk mengirimkan paket ke orang asing di Boston. Peserta hanya diberi nama, pekerjaan, dan lokasi umum si penerima.<\/p>\n<p>Cara kerjanya: setiap peserta harus mengirim paket ke teman yang mereka kenal secara langsung (first-name basis) dan menurut mereka kemungkinan mengenal si target. Begitu seterusnya sampai paket sampai ke tujuannya. Hasilnya? Rata-rata hanya dibutuhkan lima hingga tujuh perantara \u2014 jauh lebih sedikit dari yang diperkirakan sebelumnya.<\/p>\n<p>Hasil penelitian ini dipublikasikan di <em>Psychology Today<\/em> dan menginspirasi istilah &#8220;six degrees of separation&#8221;, yang kemudian dipopulerkan lewat drama panggung karya John Guare di tahun 1990.<\/p>\n<p>Meskipun eksperimen Milgram sempat diragukan karena jumlah sampelnya kecil, teori ini makin dikenal luas setelah Brett C. Tjaden dari University of Virginia membuat game berbasis konsep tersebut. Game-nya bernama <em>The Oracle of Bacon at Virginia<\/em>, yang menggunakan data dari <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/Internet-Movie-Database-IMDb\/\">IMDb<\/a> untuk menghitung koneksi antara aktor Kevin Bacon dan aktor lain. Game ini bahkan sempat dinobatkan sebagai salah satu \u201c10 Website Terbaik 1996\u201d versi majalah <em>Time<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3>Penelitian lanjutan tentang six degrees of separation<\/h3>\n<p>Tahun 2001, Duncan Watts dari Columbia University mengulang eksperimen Milgram, kali ini lewat email. Hasil dari 48.000 pengirim di 157 negara menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah perantaranya memang enam orang.<\/p>\n<p>Tahun 2008, Microsoft menganalisis 180 miliar kombinasi pengguna di database Microsoft Messenger. Hasilnya? Rata-rata panjang rantainya adalah 6,6 langkah.<\/p>\n<p>Tahun 2016, tim peneliti dari Facebook menyatakan bahwa di platform mereka, panjang rantai antar pengguna hanya sekitar 3,5 derajat. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat algoritma pencarian jalur terpendek yang dikembangkan oleh matematikawan Belanda, Edsger Dijkstra, sejak tahun 1956.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apa itu Six Degrees of Separation? Six degrees of separation adalah teori yang menyatakan bahwa setiap orang di dunia bisa saling terhubung hanya lewat rantai perantara yang tidak lebih dari lima orang. Jadi, kamu bisa terkoneksi dengan siapa saja di dunia ini hanya lewat maksimal enam langkah hubungan. Konsep ini sering divisualisasikan menggunakan graph database, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-2940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computer-science","tag-internet-technologies"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Apa itu six degrees of separation? - Istilah Komputer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/istilah\/six-degrees-of-separation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apa itu six degrees of separation? - Istilah Komputer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apa itu Six Degrees of Separation? 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