SOS adalah alat pengumpulan data yang free dan open-source yang dapat digunakan untuk mengumpulkan detail konfigurasi sistem dan informasi diagnostik dari sistem operasi Unix-like. Ia bekerja dengan mengumpulkan konfigurasi sistem dan mencatat informasi dan mengarsipkannya ke dalam satu file. Umumnya digunakan oleh engineers untuk mencari dukungan teknis untuk menemukan apa masalahnya di sistem.
Dalam tutorial ini, kita akan belajar cara menggunakan SOS di server Ubuntu 18.04.
Persyaratan
Cara Menggunakan Sosreport
Secara default, SOS tool tersedia di Ubuntu 18.04 server. Jadi Anda tidak perlu menginstalnya ke server Anda.
Untuk mengumpulkan detail konfigurasi sistem Anda dan informasi diagnostik lainnya, jalankan perintah berikut:
sosreport
Output:
sosreport (version 3.5) This command will collect system configuration and diagnostic information from this Ubuntu system. An archive containing the collected information will be generated in /tmp/sos.91hh07wb. For more information on Ubuntu visit: http://www.ubuntu.com/ The generated archive may contain data considered sensitive and its content should be reviewed by the originating organization before being passed to any third party. No changes will be made to system configuration. Press ENTER to continue, or CTRL-C to quit. Please enter your first initial and last name [ubuntu1804]: Please enter the case id that you are generating this report for []: Setting up archive ... Setting up plugins ... Running plugins. Please wait ... Running 61/61: xfs... Creating compressed archive... Your sosreport has been generated and saved in: /tmp/sosreport-ubuntu1804-20190130103134.tar.xz The checksum is: 180c9e539b00c626d84fc055df5fb864 Please send this file to your support representative.
Perintah di atas akan mengumpulkan konfigurasi sistem dan informasi diagnostik dari sistem ini dan menyimpannya di direktori /tmp.
Anda juga dapat membuat sosreport dan menyimpannya ke lokasi lain dengan menjalankan perintah berikut:
sosreport --tmp-dir /opt
Secara default, sosreport dikompres dalam tipe xz. Untuk mengompres sosreport di gzip dengan perintah berikut:
sosreport --compression-type gzip
Hasilkan sosreport untuk plugin tertentu
Secara default, sosreport hadir dengan banyak plugin. Anda dapat melihat list semua plugin dengan perintah berikut:
sosreport -l
Anda akan melihat output berikut:
sosreport (version 3.5)
The following plugins are currently enabled:
acpid ACPI daemon information
apache Apache http daemon
apparmor Apparmor mandatory access control
apport Apport crash reporting tool
apt APT - advanced packaging tool
ata ATA and IDE information
block Block device information
boot Bootloader information
btrfs Btrfs filesystem
cgroups Control groups subsystem
cron Cron job scheduler
crypto System crypto services information
date Basic system time information
dbus D-Bus message bus
devicemapper device-mapper framework
devices devices specific commands
dpkg Debian Package Management
filesys Local file systems
hardware General hardware information
host Host information
i18n Internationalization
iscsi iSCSI initiator
java Java runtime
kernel Linux kernel
last login information
libraries Dynamic shared libraries
libvirt libvirt virtualization API
logrotate LogRotate service
logs System logs
lvm2 LVM2 volume manager
lxd LXD is a containers hypervisor.
md MD RAID subsystem
memory Memory configuration and use
multipath Device-mapper multipath tools
mysql MySQL and MariaDB RDBMS
networkingnetwork and device configuration
openssl openssl related information for Debian distributions
pam Pluggable Authentication Modules
pci PCI devices
perl Perl runtime
procenv Process environment
process process information
processor CPU information
release Linux release information
scsi SCSI devices
services System services
snappy Snap packages
soundcard Sound devices
ssh Secure shell service
system core system information
systemd System management daemon
sysvipc SysV IPC
ubuntu Ubuntu specific information
udev udev dynamic device management
usb USB devices
wireless Wireless
x11 X windowing system
xfs XFS filesystem
The following plugins are currently disabled:
activemq inactive ActiveMQ message broker
anacron inactive Anacron job scheduling service
ansible inactive Ansible configuration management
auditd inactive Audit daemon information
autofs inactive Autofs on-demand automounter
azure inactive Microsoft Azure client
canonical_livepatch inactive Canonical Livepatch Service
ceph inactive CEPH distributed storage
ceph_ansible inactive CEPH distributed storage - Ansible installer
clear_containers inactive Intel(R) Clear Containers configuration
cobbler inactive
collectd inactive Collectd config collector
conntrackdinactive conntrackd - netfilter connection tracking user-space daemon
corosync inactive Corosync cluster engine
ctdb inactive Samba Clustered TDB
cups inactive CUPS IPP print service
dhcp inactive DHCP daemon
dlm inactive DLM (Distributed lock manager)
dmraid inactive dmraid software RAID
docker inactive Docker containers
dovecot inactive dovecot server related information for Debian based distribution
elastic inactive ElasticSearch service
gdm inactive GNOME display manager
gfs2 inactive GFS2 (Global Filesystem 2)
grub inactive GRUB bootloader
grub2 inactive GRUB2 bootloader
haproxy inactive HAProxy load balancer
hpasm inactive HP Advanced Server Management
infinibandinactive Infiniband data
ipmitool inactive IpmiTool hardware information.
iprconfig inactive IBM Power RAID storage adapter configuration information
ipsec inactive Internet protocol security
ipvs inactive Linux IP virtual server
iscsitarget inactive iSCSI target
juju inactive Juju orchestration tool
kata_containers inactive Kata Containers configuration
kdump inactive Kdump crash dumps
kimchi inactive kimchi-related information
krb5 inactive Kerberos authentication
kvm inactive Kernel virtual machine
landscape inactive Ubuntu Landscape client
ldap inactive LDAP configuration
lightdm inactive Light Display Manager
lilo inactive Lilo bootloader
lstopo inactive lstopo / machine topology/numa node information
maas inactive Ubuntu Metal-As-A-Service
memcached inactive memcached distributed memory caching system
mongodb inactive MongoDB document database
mpt inactive LSI Message Passing Technology
named inactive BIND named server
networkmanager inactive NetworkManager service configuration
nfs inactive Network file system information
nfsganeshainactive NFS-Ganesha file server information
nis inactive Network information service
nodejs inactive Ubuntu/Debian require nodejs-legacy package in order to
have a node executable
npm inactive Get info about available npm modules
nscd inactive Name service caching daemon
nss inactive Network Security Services configuration
ntp inactive Network time protocol
numa inactive NUMA state and configuration
nvme inactive Collect config and system information about NVMe devices
omsa inactive Dell OpenManage Server Administrator (OMSA)
opencl inactive OpenCL
opengl inactive OpenGL
openstack_ansible inactive OpenStack-Ansible sos plugin.
openstack_ceilometer inactive Openstack Ceilometer
openstack_cinder inactive OpenStack cinder
openstack_glance inactive OpenStack Glance
openstack_heat inactive OpenStack Heat
openstack_horizon inactive OpenStack Horizon
openstack_ironic inactive OpenStack Ironic
openstack_keystone inactive OpenStack Keystone
openstack_manila inactive OpenStackManila related information for Debian based distributions.
openstack_neutron inactive OpenStack Networking
openstack_nova inactive OpenStack Nova
openstack_octavia inactive Openstack Octavia
openstack_sahara inactive OpenStackSahara related information for Debian based distributions.
openstack_swift inactive OpenStack Swift
openstack_trove inactive OpenStack Trove
openswan inactive Openswan IPsec
openvswitch inactive OpenVSwitch networking
os_net_config inactive OpenStack Net Config
ovn_central inactive OVN Northd
ovn_host inactive OVN Controller
pacemaker inactive Pacemaker high-availability cluster resource manager
pcp inactive Performance Co-Pilot data
postfix inactive Postfix smtp server
postgresqlinactive PostgreSQL RDBMS
powerpc inactive IBM Power systems
ppp inactive Point-to-point protocol
acct inactive Process accounting information
ptp inactive Precision time protocol
puppet inactive Puppet service
pxe inactive PXE service
python inactive Python runtime
rabbitmq inactive RabbitMQ messaging service
radius inactive RADIUS service information
s390 inactive IBM S/390
salt inactive Salt
saltmasterinactive Salt Master
samba inactive Samba Windows interoperability
sar inactive System Activity Reporter
sas3ircu inactive SAS-3 Integrated RAID adapter information
sendmail inactive sendmail service
snmp inactive Simple network management protocol
squid inactive Squid caching proxy
sssd inactive System security service daemon
storageconsole inactive Red Hat Storage Console
sunrpc inactive Sun RPC service
systemtap inactive SystemTap dynamic instrumentation
targetcli inactive TargetCLI TCM/LIO configuration
teamd inactive Network interface teaming
unity inactive Unity
upstart inactive Upstart init system
virsh inactive client for libvirt virtualization API
vulkan inactive Vulkan
xinetd inactive xinetd information
zfs inactive ZFS filesystem
The following plugin options are available:
apache.log off gathers all apache logs
boot.all-imagesoff collect lsinitrd for all images
filesys.lsof off gathers information on all open files
filesys.dumpe2fs off dump filesystem information
filesys.frag off filesystem fragmentation status
kernel.with-timer off gather /proc/timer* statistics
libraries.ldconfigv off collect verbose ldconfig output
lvm2.lvmdump off collect an lvmdump tarball
lvm2.lvmdump-amoff attempt to collect an lvmdump with advanced options and raw metadata collection
mysql.dbuser mysqlusername for database dumps
mysql.dbpass off password for database dumps (password visible in process listings)
mysql.dbdump off collect a database dump
networking.traceroute off collect a traceroute to www.example.com
process.lsof-threads off gathers threads' open file info if supported
services.servicestatus off get a status of all running services
Profiles: boot, container, debug, desktop, hardware, identity, java,
kernel, memory, network, openshift, packagemanager, perl,
security, services, storage, sysmgmt, system, virt,
webserver
20 profiles, 58 plugins
Jika Anda ingin membuat sosreport hanya untuk plugin tertentu, misal apache, jalankan perintah berikut:
sosreport -o apache --batch
Anda akan melihat output berikut:
sosreport (version 3.5) This command will collect system configuration and diagnostic information from this Ubuntu system. An archive containing the collected information will be generated in /tmp/sos.uwazci0o. For more information on Ubuntu visit: http://www.ubuntu.com/ The generated archive may contain data considered sensitive and its content should be reviewed by the originating organization before being passed to any third party. No changes will be made to system configuration. Setting up archive ... Setting up plugins ... Running plugins. Please wait ... Running 1/1: apache... Creating compressed archive... Your sosreport has been generated and saved in: /tmp/sosreport-ubuntu1804-20190130103921.tar.xz The checksum is: 27dea53416ae1fae56ad4448a5cf6189 Please send this file to your support representative.
Perintah di atas akan menghasilkan sosreport untuk apache dan menyimpannya di file : /tmp/sosreport-ubuntu1804-20190130103921.tar.xz.
Anda dapat mengekstrak file tar dengan perintah berikut:
tar -xvf /tmp/sosreport-ubuntu1804-20190130103921.tar.xz
Sekarang, masuk ke direktori sosreport-ubuntu1804-20190130103921 dengan perintah berikut:
cd sosreport-ubuntu1804-20190130103821
Selanjutnya, jalankan perintah berikut untuk list semua file yang dihasilkan oleh sosreport:
tree
Output:
. ??? etc ? ??? apache2 ? ??? apache2.conf ? ??? conf-available ? ? ??? charset.conf ? ? ??? javascript-common.conf ? ? ??? localized-error-pages.conf ? ? ??? other-vhosts-access-log.conf ? ? ??? security.conf ? ? ??? serve-cgi-bin.conf ? ??? conf-enabled ? ? ??? charset.conf -> ../conf-available/charset.conf ? ? ??? localized-error-pages.conf -> ../conf-available/localized-error-pages.conf ? ? ??? other-vhosts-access-log.conf -> ../conf-available/other-vhosts-access-log.conf ? ? ??? security.conf -> ../conf-available/security.conf ? ? ??? serve-cgi-bin.conf -> ../conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf ? ??? envvars ? ??? magic ? ??? mods-available ? ? ??? access_compat.load ? ? ??? actions.conf ? ? ??? actions.load ? ? ??? alias.conf ? ? ??? alias.load ? ? ??? allowmethods.load ? ? ??? asis.load ? ? ??? auth_basic.load ? ? ??? auth_digest.load ? ? ??? auth_form.load ? ? ??? authn_anon.load ? ? ??? authn_core.load ? ? ??? authn_dbd.load ? ? ??? authn_dbm.load ? ? ??? authn_file.load ? ? ??? authn_socache.load ? ? ??? authnz_fcgi.load ? ? ??? authnz_ldap.load ? ? ??? authz_core.load ? ? ??? authz_dbd.load ? ? ??? authz_dbm.load ? ? ??? authz_groupfile.load ? ? ??? authz_host.load ? ? ??? authz_owner.load ? ? ??? authz_user.load ? ? ??? autoindex.conf ? ? ??? autoindex.load ? ? ??? buffer.load ? ? ??? cache_disk.conf ? ? ??? cache_disk.load ? ? ??? cache.load ? ? ??? cache_socache.load ? ? ??? cern_meta.load ? ? ??? cgid.conf ? ? ??? cgid.load ? ? ??? cgi.load ? ? ??? charset_lite.load ? ? ??? data.load ? ? ??? dav_fs.conf ? ? ??? dav_fs.load ? ? ??? dav.load ? ? ??? dav_lock.load ? ? ??? dbd.load ? ? ??? deflate.conf ? ? ??? deflate.load ? ? ??? dialup.load ? ? ??? dir.conf ? ? ??? dir.load ? ? ??? dump_io.load ? ? ??? echo.load ? ? ??? env.load ? ? ??? expires.load ? ? ??? ext_filter.load ? ? ??? file_cache.load ? ? ??? filter.load ? ? ??? headers.load ? ? ??? heartbeat.load ? ? ??? heartmonitor.load ? ? ??? http2.load ? ? ??? ident.load ? ? ??? imagemap.load ? ? ??? include.load ? ? ??? info.conf ? ? ??? info.load ? ? ??? lbmethod_bybusyness.load ? ? ??? lbmethod_byrequests.load ? ? ??? lbmethod_bytraffic.load ? ? ??? lbmethod_heartbeat.load ? ? ??? ldap.conf ? ? ??? ldap.load ? ? ??? log_debug.load ? ? ??? log_forensic.load ? ? ??? lua.load ? ? ??? macro.load ? ? ??? mime.conf ? ? ??? mime.load ? ? ??? mime_magic.conf ? ? ??? mime_magic.load ? ? ??? mpm_event.conf ? ? ??? mpm_event.load ? ? ??? mpm_prefork.conf ? ? ??? mpm_prefork.load ? ? ??? mpm_worker.conf ? ? ??? mpm_worker.load ? ? ??? negotiation.conf ? ? ??? negotiation.load ? ? ??? proxy_ajp.load ? ? ??? proxy_balancer.conf ? ? ??? proxy_balancer.load ? ? ??? proxy.conf ? ? ??? proxy_connect.load ? ? ??? proxy_express.load ? ? ??? proxy_fcgi.load ? ? ??? proxy_fdpass.load ? ? ??? proxy_ftp.conf ? ? ??? proxy_ftp.load ? ? ??? proxy_hcheck.load ? ? ??? proxy_html.conf ? ? ??? proxy_html.load ? ? ??? proxy_http2.load ? ? ??? proxy_http.load ? ? ??? proxy.load ? ? ??? proxy_scgi.load ? ? ??? proxy_wstunnel.load ? ? ??? ratelimit.load ? ? ??? reflector.load ? ? ??? remoteip.load ? ? ??? reqtimeout.conf ? ? ??? reqtimeout.load ? ? ??? request.load ? ? ??? rewrite.load ? ? ??? sed.load ? ? ??? session_cookie.load ? ? ??? session_crypto.load ? ? ??? session_dbd.load ? ? ??? session.load ? ? ??? setenvif.conf ? ? ??? setenvif.load ? ? ??? slotmem_plain.load ? ? ??? slotmem_shm.load ? ? ??? socache_dbm.load ? ? ??? socache_memcache.load ? ? ??? socache_shmcb.load ? ? ??? speling.load ? ? ??? ssl.conf ? ? ??? ssl.load ? ? ??? status.conf ? ? ??? status.load ? ? ??? substitute.load ? ? ??? suexec.load ? ? ??? unique_id.load ? ? ??? userdir.conf ? ? ??? userdir.load ? ? ??? usertrack.load ? ? ??? vhost_alias.load ? ? ??? xml2enc.load ? ??? mods-enabled ? ? ??? access_compat.load -> ../mods-available/access_compat.load ? ? ??? alias.conf -> ../mods-available/alias.conf ? ? ??? alias.load -> ../mods-available/alias.load ? ? ??? auth_basic.load -> ../mods-available/auth_basic.load ? ? ??? authn_core.load -> ../mods-available/authn_core.load ? ? ??? authn_file.load -> ../mods-available/authn_file.load ? ? ??? authz_core.load -> ../mods-available/authz_core.load ? ? ??? authz_host.load -> ../mods-available/authz_host.load ? ? ??? authz_user.load -> ../mods-available/authz_user.load ? ? ??? autoindex.conf -> ../mods-available/autoindex.conf ? ? ??? autoindex.load -> ../mods-available/autoindex.load ? ? ??? deflate.conf -> ../mods-available/deflate.conf ? ? ??? deflate.load -> ../mods-available/deflate.load ? ? ??? dir.conf -> ../mods-available/dir.conf ? ? ??? dir.load -> ../mods-available/dir.load ? ? ??? env.load -> ../mods-available/env.load ? ? ??? filter.load -> ../mods-available/filter.load ? ? ??? mime.conf -> ../mods-available/mime.conf ? ? ??? mime.load -> ../mods-available/mime.load ? ? ??? mpm_event.conf -> ../mods-available/mpm_event.conf ? ? ??? mpm_event.load -> ../mods-available/mpm_event.load ? ? ??? negotiation.conf -> ../mods-available/negotiation.conf ? ? ??? negotiation.load -> ../mods-available/negotiation.load ? ? ??? reqtimeout.conf -> ../mods-available/reqtimeout.conf ? ? ??? reqtimeout.load -> ../mods-available/reqtimeout.load ? ? ??? setenvif.conf -> ../mods-available/setenvif.conf ? ? ??? setenvif.load -> ../mods-available/setenvif.load ? ? ??? status.conf -> ../mods-available/status.conf ? ? ??? status.load -> ../mods-available/status.load ? ??? ports.conf ? ??? sites-available ? ? ??? 000-default.conf ? ? ??? default-ssl.conf ? ??? sites-enabled ? ??? 000-default.conf -> ../sites-available/000-default.conf ??? sos_commands ? ??? apache ? ??? apachectl_-M ??? sos_logs ? ??? sos.log ? ??? ui.log ??? sos_reports ? ??? sos.html ? ??? sos.txt ??? version.txt 12 directories, 189 files
Anda juga dapat melihat berbagai opsi yang tersedia dengan perintah sosreport dengan perintah berikut:
sosreport -h
Anda akan melihat output berikut:
Usage: sosreport [options] Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -l, --list-plugins list plugins and available plugin options -n NOPLUGINS, --skip-plugins=NOPLUGINS disable these plugins --experimental enable experimental plugins -e ENABLEPLUGINS, --enable-plugins=ENABLEPLUGINS enable these plugins -o ONLYPLUGINS, --only-plugins=ONLYPLUGINS enable these plugins only -k PLUGOPTS, --plugin-option=PLUGOPTS plugin options in plugname.option=value format (see -l) --log-size=LOG_SIZE set a limit on the size of collected logs (in MiB) -a, --alloptions enable all options for loaded plugins --all-logs collect all available logs regardless of size --batch batch mode - do not prompt interactively --build preserve the temporary directory and do not package results -v, --verbose increase verbosity --verify perform data verification during collection --quiet only print fatal errors --debug enable interactive debugging using the python debugger --ticket-number=CASE_ID specify ticket number --case-id=CASE_ID specify case identifier -p PROFILES, --profile=PROFILES enable plugins selected by the given profiles --list-profiles display a list of available profiles and plugins that they include --name=CUSTOMER_NAME specify report name --config-file=CONFIG_FILE specify alternate configuration file --tmp-dir=TMP_DIR specify alternate temporary directory --no-reportdisable HTML/XML reporting -s SYSROOT, --sysroot=SYSROOT system root directory path (default="/") -c CHROOT, --chroot=CHROOT chroot executed commands to SYSROOT [auto, always, never] (default=auto) -z COMPRESSION_TYPE, --compression-type=COMPRESSION_TYPE compression technology to use [auto, gzip, bzip2, xz] (default=auto) Some examples: enable dlm plugin only and collect dlm lockdumps: # sosreport -o dlm -k dlm.lockdump disable memory and samba plugins, turn off rpm -Va collection: # sosreport -n memory,samba -k rpm.rpmva=off
Saya harap Anda sekarang memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup tentang sosreport. Untuk menemukan informasi lebih lanjut lihat halaman manual sosreport dengan mengetik man sosreport di terminal Anda.
