{"id":1306,"date":"2019-10-17T04:59:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-16T21:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/post\/?p=1306"},"modified":"2025-04-18T15:21:35","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T08:21:35","slug":"cara-install-cms-jejaring-sosial-mastodon-di-debian-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/post\/cara-install-cms-jejaring-sosial-mastodon-di-debian-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Cara Install CMS Jejaring Sosial Mastodon di Debian 10"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mastodon adalah CMS jejaring sosial free and open-source, terdesentralisasi, yang dibuat sebagai alternatif untuk Twitter. Seperti halnya di Twitter, kita dapat saling mengikuti, memposting pesan, gambar, dan video.<\/p>\n

Mastodon\u00a0ditulis dalam Ruby dan JavaScript, dan siapa pun dapat menggunakannya secara pribadi dan aman. Mastodon juga menyediakan aplikasi untuk berbagai platform seperti Android dan iOS.<\/p>\n

Dalam tutorial ini, kami akan menunjukkan kepada Anda bagaimana menginstal Mastodon di Debian 10.<\/p>\n

Persyaratan Tutorial<\/h2>\n

Sebelum Mulai<\/h2>\n

Pertama, disarankan untuk memperbarui sistem Anda dengan versi terbaru. Anda dapat melakukannya dengan menjalankan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y<\/pre>\n
Setelah sistem Anda diperbarui,\u00a0Anda harus menginstal beberapa dependensi yang diperlukan oleh Mastodon. Anda dapat menginstal semuanya dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
apt-get install software-properties-common dirmngr apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gcc g++ make imagemagick ffmpeg libpq-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev file git-core libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler pkg-config autoconf bison build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline-dev libidn11-dev libicu-dev libjemalloc-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev -y
\n<\/pre>\n
Setelah semua dependensi diinstal, Anda dapat melanjutkan ke langkah berikutnya.<\/p>\n
Instal Node.js<\/h2>\n
Mastodon membutuhkan Node.js versi 8.x dan Yarn untuk diinstal pada sistem. Untuk menginstal Node.js, tambahkan repositori Node.js ke server Anda dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
curl -sL https:\/\/deb.nodesource.com\/setup_8.x | bash -<\/pre>\n
Setelah repositori ditambahkan, instal Node.js versi 8 dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
apt-get install nodejs -y<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, unduh dan tambahkan GPG key Yarn dan aktifkan repositori<\/a> dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
curl -sL https:\/\/dl.yarnpkg.com\/debian\/pubkey.gpg | apt-key add -
\n echo \"deb https:\/\/dl.yarnpkg.com\/debian\/ stable main\" | tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/yarn.list<\/pre>\n
Setelah ditambahkan, update repositori dan instal Yarn dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
apt-get update
\napt-get install yarn -y<\/pre>\n
Setelah selesai, Anda dapat melanjutkan ke langkah berikutnya.<\/p>\n
Install dan Konfigurasi PostgreSQL<\/h2>\n
Mastodon menggunakan PostgreSQL untuk menyimpan data mereka. Anda dapat menginstal versi terbaru PostgreSQL dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib -y<\/pre>\n
Setelah diinstal, masuk ke PostgreSQL dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
su - postgres
\n psql<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, buat user untuk Mastodon dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
CREATE USER mastodon CREATEDB;<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, keluar dari shell PostgreSQL dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
exit<\/pre>\n
Install Ruby<\/h2>\n
Mastodon menggunakan Ruby on Rails untuk tujuan back-end. Pertama, Anda harus membuat user<\/a> sistem baru untuk menjalankan server Mastodon.<\/p>\n
Anda dapat membuatnya dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
adduser --disabled-login --gecos 'Mastodon Server' mastodon<\/pre>\n
Setelah dibuat, masuk ke pengguna mastodon dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
su - mastodon<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, klon repositori rbenv dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
git clone https:\/\/github.com\/rbenv\/rbenv.git ~\/.rbenv<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, atur rbenv dan ruby-build dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
cd ~\/.rbenv && src\/configure && make -C src
\n echo 'export PATH=\"$HOME\/.rbenv\/bin:$PATH\"' >> ~\/.bashrc
\n echo 'eval \"$(rbenv init -)\"' >> ~\/.bashrc
\n exec bash
\n git clone https:\/\/github.com\/rbenv\/ruby-build.git ~\/.rbenv\/plugins\/ruby-build<\/pre>\n
Setelah selesai, instal versi terbaru Ruby dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
RUBY_CONFIGURE_OPTS=--with-jemalloc rbenv install 2.6.1<\/pre>\n
Setelah diinstal, Anda akan mendapatkan output berikut:<\/p>\n
Downloading ruby-2.6.1.tar.bz2...
\n-> https:\/\/cache.ruby-lang.org\/pub\/ruby\/2.6\/ruby-2.6.1.tar.bz2
\nInstalling ruby-2.6.1...
\n
\nInstalled ruby-2.6.1 to \/home\/mastodon\/.rbenv\/versions\/2.6.1
\n<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, atur Ruby agar tersedia secara global dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
rbenv global 2.6.1<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, perbarui gem dan instal bundler dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
gem update --system
\n gem install bundler --no-document<\/pre>\n
Setelah selesai, Anda dapat memeriksa Ruby dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
ruby --version<\/pre>\n
Konfigurasi Mastodon<\/h2>\n
Pertama, masuk ke user mastodon dan download mastodon git dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
su - mastodon<\/pre>\n
git clone https:\/\/github.com\/tootsuite\/mastodon.git ~\/live
\n cd ~\/live<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, periksa branch terbaru dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
git checkout $(git tag -l | grep -v 'rc[0-9]*$' | sort -V | tail -n 1)<\/pre>\n
Anda harus mendapatkan output berikut:<\/p>\n
Note: checking out 'v2.9.3'.
\n
\nYou are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
\nchanges and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
\nstate without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
\n
\nIf you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
\ndo so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
\n
\n  git checkout -b 
\n
\nHEAD is now at 06f906aca Bump version to 2.9.3
\n<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, instal semua dependensi yang diperlukan oleh ruby \u200b\u200bdan Node.js dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
bundle install -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) --deployment --without development test
\n yarn install --pure-lockfile<\/pre>\n
Sekarang, setup Mastodon :<\/p>\n
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake mastodon:setup<\/pre>\n
Selama proses pengaturan, Anda akan ditanya beberapa pertanyaan. Jawab semua pertanyaan seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini:<\/p>\n
Your instance is identified by its domain name. Changing it afterward will break things.
\nDomain name: test.example.com
\n
\nSingle user mode disables registrations and redirects the landing page to your public profile.
\nDo you want to enable single user mode? No
\n
\nAre you using Docker to run Mastodon? no
\n
\nPostgreSQL host: \/var\/run\/postgresql
\nPostgreSQL port: 5432
\nName of PostgreSQL database: mastodon_production
\nName of PostgreSQL user: mastodon
\nPassword of PostgreSQL user: 
\nDatabase configuration works! ????
\n
\nRedis host: localhost
\nRedis port: 6379
\nRedis password: 
\nRedis configuration works! ????
\n
\nDo you want to store uploaded files on the cloud? No
\n
\nDo you want to send e-mails from localhost? yes
\nE-mail address to send e-mails \"from\": Mastodon <[email\u00a0protected]<\/a>>
\nSend a test e-mail with this configuration right now? no
\n
\nThis configuration will be written to .env.production
\nSave configuration? Yes
\n
\nNow that configuration is saved, the database schema must be loaded.
\nIf the database already exists, this will erase its contents.
\nPrepare the database now? Yes
\n
\nAll done! You can now power on the Mastodon server ????
\n
\nDo you want to create an admin user straight away? Yes
\nUsername: admin
\nE-mail: [email\u00a0protected]<\/a>
\nYou can login with the password: a9a78a4c2eb442d72eb946f94ebe9a00
\nYou can change your password once you login.
\n<\/pre>\n
Setelah Anda selesai, keluar dari user mastodon<\/code> dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
exit<\/pre>\n
Konfigurasi Nginx untuk Mastodon<\/h2>\n
Selanjutnya, Anda harus menginstal Nginx dan Certbot ke sistem Anda. Secara default, versi terbaru Certbot tidak tersedia di repositori default Debian 10. Jadi, Anda perlu menambahkan repositori Certbot ke sistem Anda.<\/p>\n
Anda dapat menambahkannya dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
add-apt-repository ppa:certbot\/certbot<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, update repositori dan instal Certbot dengan Nginx dengan menjalankan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
apt-get update -y
\n apt-get install nginx python-certbot-nginx -y<\/pre>\n
Setelah kedua paket diinstal, salin file<\/a> konfigurasi Nginx dari direktori Mastodon ke Nginx dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
cp \/home\/mastodon\/live\/dist\/nginx.conf \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/mastodon.conf<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, aktifkan file konfigurasi virtual host<\/a> Mastodon dengan membuat symlink<\/a> ke sites-enabled<\/code>\u00a0:<\/p>\n
ln -s \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/mastodon.conf \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/<\/pre>\n
Secara default, file konfigurasi virtual host Mastodon dikonfigurasikan dengan domain example.com. Jadi Anda perlu mengganti domain example.com dengan nama domain Anda di file mastodon.conf<\/code>. Anda dapat menggantinya dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
sed -i 's\/example.com\/test.example.com\/g' \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/mastodon.conf<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, restart Nginx<\/a> untuk menerapkan konfigurasi:<\/p>\n
systemctl restart nginx<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, download sertifikat SSL gratis Let\u2019s Encrypt dan konfigurasikan Nginx untuk menggunakan sertifikat ini dengan menjalankan perintah certbot:<\/p>\n
certbot --nginx -d test.example.com<\/pre>\n
Ini akan mengunduh sertifikat Let\u2019s Encrypt dan konfigurasikan Nginx untuk domain Anda test.example.com.<\/p>\n
File konfigurasi Nginx Anda untuk Mastodon sekarang akan tampak seperti berikut:<\/p>\n
cat \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/mastodon.conf<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/p>\n
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
\n  default upgrade;
\n  ''      close;
\n}
\n
\nproxy_cache_path \/var\/cache\/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=CACHE:10m inactive=7d max_size=1g;
\n
\nserver {
\n    if ($host = test.example.com) {
\n        return 301 https:\/\/$host$request_uri;
\n    } # managed by Certbot
\n
\n
\n  listen 80;
\n  listen [::]:80;
\n  server_name test.example.com;
\n  root \/home\/mastodon\/live\/public;
\n  location \/.well-known\/acme-challenge\/ { allow all; }
\n  location \/ { return 301 https:\/\/$host$request_uri; }
\n
\n
\n}
\n
\nserver {
\n  listen 443 ssl http2;
\n  listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
\n  server_name test.example.com;
\n
\n  ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
\n  ssl_ciphers HIGH:!MEDIUM:!LOW:!aNULL:!NULL:!SHA;
\n  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
\n  ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
\n
\n  # Uncomment these lines once you acquire a certificate:
\n  # ssl_certificate     \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/test.example.com\/fullchain.pem;
\n  # ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/test.example.com\/privkey.pem;
\n
\n  keepalive_timeout    70;
\n  sendfile  on;
\n  client_max_body_size 80m;
\n
\n  root \/home\/mastodon\/live\/public;
\n
\n  gzip on;
\n  gzip_disable \"msie6\";
\n  gzip_vary on;
\n  gzip_proxied any;
\n  gzip_comp_level 6;
\n  gzip_buffers 16 8k;
\n  gzip_http_version 1.1;
\n  gzip_types text\/plain text\/css application\/json application\/javascript text\/xml application\/xml application\/xml+rss text\/javascript;
\n
\n  add_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000\";
\n
\n  location \/ {
\n    try_files $uri @proxy;
\n  }
\n
\n  location ~ ^\/(emoji|packs|system\/accounts\/avatars|system\/media_attachments\/files) {
\n    add_header Cache-Control \"public, max-age=31536000, immutable\";
\n    add_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000\";
\n    try_files $uri @proxy;
\n  }
\n
\n  location \/sw.js {
\n    add_header Cache-Control \"public, max-age=0\";
\n    add_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000\";
\n    try_files $uri @proxy;
\n  }
\n
\n  location @proxy {
\n    proxy_set_header Host $host;
\n    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
\n    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
\n    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
\n    proxy_set_header Proxy \"\";
\n    proxy_pass_header Server;
\n
\n    proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000;
\n    proxy_buffering on;
\n    proxy_redirect off;
\n    proxy_http_version 1.1;
\n    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
\n    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
\n
\n    proxy_cache CACHE;
\n    proxy_cache_valid 200 7d;
\n    proxy_cache_valid 410 24h;
\n    proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
\n    add_header X-Cached $upstream_cache_status;
\n    add_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000\";
\n
\n    tcp_nodelay on;
\n  }
\n
\n  location \/api\/v1\/streaming {
\n    proxy_set_header Host $host;
\n    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
\n    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
\n    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
\n    proxy_set_header Proxy \"\";
\n
\n    proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:4000;
\n    proxy_buffering off;
\n    proxy_redirect off;
\n    proxy_http_version 1.1;
\n    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
\n    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
\n
\n    tcp_nodelay on;
\n  }
\n
\n  error_page 500 501 502 503 504 \/500.html;
\n
\n    ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/test.example.com\/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
\n    ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/test.example.com\/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
\n}<\/pre>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Konfigurasi File Systemd untuk Mastodon<\/h2>\n
Nginx sekarang diinstal dan dikonfigurasi untuk melayani Mastodon. Selanjutnya, Anda perlu mengkonfigurasi file layanan systemd untuk Mastodon. Untuk melakukannya, salin template systemd service dari direktori Mastodon:<\/p>\n
cp \/home\/mastodon\/live\/dist\/mastodon-web.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/
\n cp \/home\/mastodon\/live\/dist\/mastodon-sidekiq.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/
\n cp \/home\/mastodon\/live\/dist\/mastodon-streaming.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, start semua layanan dan aktifkan untuk memulai setelah reboot dengan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
systemctl start mastodon-web
\n systemctl start mastodon-sidekiq
\n systemctl start mastodon-streaming
\n systemctl enable mastodon-web
\n systemctl enable mastodon-sidekiq
\n systemctl enable mastodon-streaming<\/pre>\n
Akses Web Interface Mastodon<\/h2>\n
Sekarang, buka web browser Anda dan ketik URL https:\/\/test.example.com. Anda akan diarahkan ke halaman berikut:<\/p>\n
\"Page<\/a><\/p>\n
Sekarang, berikan email admin dan kata sandi yang telah Anda buat sebelumnya dan klik Log<\/strong>\u00a0in<\/strong>. Anda akan melihat halaman berikut:<\/p>\n
\"Page<\/a><\/p>\n
Sekarang, klik LET\u2019S GO<\/strong>! . Anda akan melihat halaman berikut:<\/p>\n
\"Page<\/a><\/p>\n
Sekarang, klik tombol Next<\/strong>. Anda akan melihat halaman berikut:<\/p>\n
\"Page<\/a><\/p>\n
Sekarang, klik pada\u00a0tombol\u00a0FINISH<\/strong>\u00a0TUTORIAL<\/strong>!. Anda akan melihat dasbor Mastodon di halaman berikut:<\/p>\n
\"Page<\/a><\/p>\n
Selamat! Anda telah berhasil menginstal dan mengkonfigurasi Mastodon di Debian 10 server. Anda sekarang dapat dengan mudah membuat media sosial Anda sendiri menggunakan Mastodon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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