example.com<\/code><\/li>\n- Anda telah menginstal Nginx dengan mengikuti instruksi ini<\/a>.<\/li>\n
- Anda memiliki sertifikat SSL yang diinstal untuk domain Anda. Anda dapat menginstal sertifikat SSL gratis<\/strong> dari Let\u2019s Encrypt dengan mengikuti instruksi ini<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Sebelum memulai<\/h2>\n
Perbarui indeks paket dan paket sistem ke versi terbaru:<\/p>\n
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade<\/pre>\n1. Buat Database MySQL<\/h2>\n
Jika Anda sudah menginstal MySQL<\/a> atau MariaDB<\/a> di server, Anda dapat melewati langkah instalasi ini, jika masih belum, Anda dapat menginstal paket server MySQL 5.7 dari repositori default Ubuntu dengan mengetik:<\/p>\nsudo apt install mysql-server<\/pre>\nUntuk instalasi MySQL baru, disarankan untuk menjalankan perintah mysql_secure_installation<\/code> untuk meningkatkan keamanan MySQL server.<\/p>\nSekarang kita perlu login ke shell MySQL untuk membuat database baru, akun pengguna dan memberi pengguna izin akses yang sesuai.<\/p>\n
Untuk masuk ke shell MySQL ketik perintah berikut dan masukkan kata sandi ketika diminta:<\/p>\n
mysql -u root -p<\/pre>\nSebagai contoh kita akan\u00a0membuat database<\/a> bernama drupal<\/code>, pengguna bernama\u00a0userdrupal<\/code>\u00a0dan untuk memberikan izin yang diperlukan kepada pengguna menjalankan perintah berikut:<\/p>\nCREATE DATABASE drupal CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
\n
\nGRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES ON drupal.* TO 'userdrupal<\/span>'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'ganti-dengan-password-anda<\/span>';<\/pre>\n2. Instal PHP<\/h2>\n
PHP 7.2<\/a> yang merupakan versi PHP default di Ubuntu 18.04 yang sepenuhnya didukung dan direkomendasikan untuk Drupal 8.6. Karena kita akan menggunakan Nginx sebagai web server, kita juga akan menginstal PHP-FPM.<\/p>\nUntuk menginstal semua modul PHP yang diperlukan, jalankan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install php7.2-cli php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql php7.2-json php7.2-opcache php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xml php7.2-gd php7.2-curl<\/pre>\nLayanan PHP-FPM akan secara otomatis dimulai setelah proses instalasi selesai, Anda dapat memverifikasinya dengan mencetak status layanan PHP dengan mengetik perintah :<\/p>\n
systemctl status php7.2-fpm<\/pre>\nOutput berikut menunjukkan bahwa layanan fpm yang aktif dan berjalan.<\/p>\n
\u25cf php7.2-fpm.service - The PHP 7.2 FastCGI Process Manager
\n Loaded: loaded (\/lib\/systemd\/system\/php7.2-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
\n Active: active (running) since Sat 2018-05-19 19:54:13 UTC; 9h ago
\n Docs: man:php-fpm7.2(8)
\n Main PID: 17781 (php-fpm7.2)
\n Status: \"Processes active: 0, idle: 2, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req\/sec\"
\n Tasks: 3 (limit: 507)
\n CGroup: \/system.slice\/php7.2-fpm.service
\n\u251c\u250017781 php-fpm: master process (\/etc\/php\/7.2\/fpm\/php-fpm.conf)
\n\u251c\u250017796 php-fpm: pool www
\n\u2514\u250017797 php-fpm: pool www<\/pre>\n3. Install Composer<\/h2>\n
Composer adalah manajer dependensi untuk PHP dan kita akan menggunakannya untuk mengunduh template Drupal dan menginstal semua komponen Drupal yang diperlukan.<\/p>\n
Untuk menginstal Composer<\/a> secara global, unduh installer Composer dengan curl<\/a> dan pindahkan file ke direktori \/usr\/local\/bin<\/code>:<\/p>\ncurl -sS https:\/\/getcomposer.org\/installer | sudo php -- --install-dir=\/usr\/local\/bin --filename=composer<\/pre>\nVerifikasi pemasangan dengan mencetak versi komposer:<\/span><\/p>\ncomposer --version<\/pre>\nOutputnya akan terlihat seperti ini:<\/p>\n
Composer version 1.6.5 2018-05-04 11:44:59<\/pre>\n4. Install Drupal<\/h2>\n
Sekarang kita telah menginstal Composer, kita dapat melanjutkan proses dan membuat proyek Drupal baru menggunakan template<\/a> composer di dalam direktori \/var\/www\/web_drupal<\/code>:<\/p>\nsudo composer create-project drupal-composer\/drupal-project:8.x-dev \/var\/www\/web_drupal --stability dev --no-interaction<\/pre>\nPerintah di atas akan mengunduh template, mengambil semua paket php yang diperlukan dan menjalankan beberapa skrip untuk mempersiapkan proyek drupal untuk instalasi. Prosesnya mungkin memakan waktu beberapa menit dan jika berhasil, hasil akhir akan terlihat seperti berikut<\/p>\n
Create a sites\/default\/settings.php file with chmod 0666
\nCreate a sites\/default\/files directory with chmod 0777<\/pre>\nLangkah selanjutnya adalah menginstal Drupal menggunakan Drush. Pada perintah di bawah ini, kita\u00a0 meneruskan database MySQL dan informasi pengguna yang dibuat pada langkah 1:<\/p>\n
cd \/var\/www\/web_drupal
\n
\nsudo vendor\/bin\/drush site-install --db-url=mysql:\/\/drupaluser<\/span>:ganti_dengan_password<\/span>@localhost\/drupal<\/span><\/pre>\nPemasang akan meminta Anda dengan pesan berikut, cukup tekan enter untuk melanjutkan.<\/p>\n
You are about to DROP all tables in your 'drupal' database. Do you want to continue? (yes\/no) [yes]:<\/pre>\nSetelah instalasi selesai, skrip akan mencetak nama pengguna dan kata sandi administratif. Outputnya akan terlihat seperti berikut:<\/p>\n
[notice] Starting Drupal installation. This takes a while. Consider using the --notify global option.
\n[success] Installation complete. User name: admin User password: XRkC9Q5WN9<\/span><\/pre>\nTerakhir, kita perlu mengatur izin yang benar sehingga server web dapat memiliki akses penuh ke file dan direktori situs. Nginx dan PHP berjalan sebagai pengguna www-data<\/code> dan grup www-data<\/code>, jadi kita perlu memberi perintah\u00a0chown<\/code><\/a> berikut:<\/p>\nsudo chown -R www-data: \/var\/www\/web_drupal<\/pre>\n5. Konfigurasi Nginx<\/h2>\n
Sekarang, Anda sudah menginstal Nginx dengan sertifikat SSL di sistem Anda, jika masih belum memiliki SSL, silahkan memeriksa prasyarat untuk tutorial ini.<\/p>\n
Baca Juga :\u00a0\u00a0Apa itu HTTPS dan Mengapa HTTPS Penting?<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\nUntuk membuat\u00a0 server block baru untuk proyek Drupal baru, kita akan menggunakan Nginx\u00a0recipe<\/a>\u00a0 dari situs resmi Nginx.<\/p>\nBuka editor teks Anda dan buat file berikut:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/example.com<\/span><\/pre>\n# Redirect HTTP -> HTTPS
\nserver {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name www.example.com example.com<\/span>;
\n
\n include snippets\/letsencrypt.conf;
\n return 301 https:\/\/example.com<\/span>$request_uri;
\n}
\n
\n# Redirect WWW -> NON WWW
\nserver {
\n listen 443 ssl http2;
\n server_name www.example.com<\/span>;
\n
\n ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com<\/span>\/fullchain.pem;
\n ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com<\/span>\/privkey.pem;
\n ssl_trusted_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com<\/span>\/chain.pem;
\n include snippets\/ssl.conf;
\n
\n return 301 https:\/\/example.com<\/span>$request_uri;
\n}
\n
\nserver {
\n listen 443 ssl http2;
\n server_name example.com<\/span>;
\n
\n root \/var\/www\/web_drupal\/web<\/span>;
\n
\n # SSL parameters
\n ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com<\/span>\/fullchain.pem;
\n ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com<\/span>\/privkey.pem;
\n ssl_trusted_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com<\/span>\/chain.pem;
\n include snippets\/ssl.conf;
\n
\n # log files
\n access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/example.com<\/span>.access.log;
\n error_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/example.com<\/span>.error.log;
\n
\n location = \/favicon.ico {
\n log_not_found off;
\n access_log off;
\n }
\n
\n location = \/robots.txt {
\n allow all;
\n log_not_found off;
\n access_log off;
\n }
\n
\n location ~ \\..*\/.*\\.php$ {
\n return 403;
\n }
\n
\n location ~ ^\/sites\/.*\/private\/ {
\n return 403;
\n }
\n
\n # Block access to scripts in site files directory
\n location ~ ^\/sites\/[^\/]+\/files\/.*\\.php$ {
\n deny all;
\n }
\n
\n # Block access to \"hidden\" files and directories whose names begin with a
\n # period. This includes directories used by version control systems such
\n # as Subversion or Git to store control files.
\n location ~ (^|\/)\\. {
\n return 403;
\n }
\n
\n location \/ {
\n try_files $uri \/index.php?$query_string;
\n }
\n
\n location @rewrite {
\n rewrite ^\/(.*)$ \/index.php?q=$1;
\n }
\n
\n # Don't allow direct access to PHP files in the vendor directory.
\n location ~ \/vendor\/.*\\.php$ {
\n deny all;
\n return 404;
\n }
\n
\n
\n location ~ '\\.php$|^\/update.php' {
\n fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\\.php)(|\/.*)$;
\n include fastcgi_params;
\n # Block httpoxy attacks. See https:\/\/httpoxy.org\/.
\n fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY \"\";
\n fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
\n fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
\n fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
\n fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
\n fastcgi_pass unix:\/run\/php\/php7.2-fpm.sock;
\n }
\n
\n # Fighting with Styles? This little gem is amazing.
\n # location ~ ^\/sites\/.*\/files\/imagecache\/ { # For Drupal <= 6
\n location ~ ^\/sites\/.*\/files\/styles\/ { # For Drupal >= 7
\n try_files $uri @rewrite;
\n }
\n
\n # Handle private files through Drupal. Private file's path can come
\n # with a language prefix.
\n location ~ ^(\/[a-z\\-]+)?\/system\/files\/ { # For Drupal >= 7
\n try_files $uri \/index.php?$query_string;
\n }
\n
\n location ~* \\.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg)$ {
\n try_files $uri @rewrite;
\n expires max;
\n log_not_found off;
\n }
\n
\n}<\/pre>\nJangan lupa untuk mengganti example.com dengan domain Drupal Anda dan setel jalur yang benar ke file sertifikat SSL. Snippets yang digunakan dalam konfigurasi ini (termasuk cara pembuatan key exchange) dibuat dalam panduan ini<\/a>.<\/p>\nAktifkan server block dengan membuat symbolic link<\/a> ke direktori sites-enabled<\/code>:<\/p>\nsudo ln -s \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/example.com<\/span> \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/<\/pre>\nSebelum restart layanan Nginx, lakukan tes untuk memastikan bahwa tidak ada kesalahan sintaksis:<\/p>\n
sudo nginx -t<\/pre>\nJika tidak ada kesalahan, hasilnya akan terlihat seperti ini:<\/p>\n
nginx: the configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf syntax is ok
\nnginx: configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf test is successful<\/pre>\nTerakhir, restart layanan Nginx<\/a> dengan mengetik:<\/p>\nsudo systemctl restart nginx<\/pre>\n6. Test konfigurasi Server dan Install Drupal<\/h2>\n
Buka browser Anda, ketikkan domain Anda dan jika instalasi berhasil, tampilan yang mirip dengan screenshot berikut ini akan muncul:<\/p>\n
![\"drupal\"](\"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/assets\/media\/drupal-750x387.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nAnda dapat masuk sebagai admin dan mulai menyesuaikan instalasi Drupal baru Anda.<\/p>\n
7. Pasang Modul dan Themes Drupal<\/h2>\n
Sekarang setelah proyek Drupal berhasil diinstal, sekarang saatnya untuk memasang beberapa modul dan tema. Modul dan tema Drupal di-host pada repositori composer khusus, yang dikonfigurasikan oleh proyek drupal untuk kita secara out of the box<\/em>.<\/p>\nUntuk menginstal modul atau tema, yang perlu Anda lakukan adalah melakukan perintah cd<\/code> ke direktori proyek dan mengetik composer require drupal\/module_or_theme_name<\/code>. Sebagai contoh, jika kita ingin menginstal modul Pathauto, kita perlu menjalankan perintah berikut:<\/p>\ncd \/var\/www\/web_drupal
\n
\nsudo -u www-data composer require drupal\/pathauto<\/pre>\nDengan menggunakan perintah\u00a0sudo -u www-data<\/code>, yang artinya kita akan menjalankan perintah sebagai pengguna www-data<\/code><\/p>\nUsing version ^1.3 for drupal\/pathauto
\n.\/composer.json has been updated
\n> DrupalProject\\composer\\ScriptHandler::checkComposerVersion
\nLoading composer repositories with package information
\nUpdating dependencies (including require-dev)
\nPackage operations: 3 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
\n - Installing drupal\/token (1.5.0): Downloading (100%)
\n - Installing drupal\/ctools (3.2.0): Downloading (100%)
\n - Installing drupal\/pathauto (1.3.0): Downloading (100%)
\nPackage phpunit\/phpunit-mock-objects is abandoned, you should avoid using it. No replacement was suggested.
\nWriting lock file
\nGenerating autoload files
\n> DrupalProject\\composer\\ScriptHandler::createRequiredFiles<\/pre>\nSeperti yang dapat Anda lihat dari output di atas komposer juga menginstal semua dependensi paket secara otomatis.<\/p>\n
8. Update Drupal core<\/h2>\n
Sebelum update\/upgrade, ada baiknya untuk melakukan backup file dan database Anda. Anda dapat menggunakan modul backup dan Migrate<\/a>\u00a0yang dapat melakukan pekerjaan ini secara ringkas dan cepat, atau mencadangkan database dan file Anda secara manual.<\/p>\nUntuk mencadangkan file instalasi, Anda dapat menggunakan perintah rsync<\/a> berikut, tentu saja, Anda harus mengetahui dengan pasti jalur yang benar ke direktori instalasi:<\/p>\nsudo rsync -a \/var\/www\/web_drupal\/ \/var\/www\/web_drupal_$(date +%F)<\/pre>\nUntuk membuat cadangan database kita bisa menggunakan perintah mysqldump<\/a>:<\/p>\nmysqldump -u root -p > \/var\/www\/web_drupal_database_$(date +%F).sql<\/pre>\natau dapat juga menggunakan\u00a0drush sql-dump<\/code>:<\/p>\ncd \/var\/www\/web_drupal
\n
\nvendor\/bin\/drush sql-dump > \/var\/www\/web_drupal_database_$(date +%F).sql<\/pre>\nSekarang kita telah membuat cadangan dari situs drupal, kita\u00a0 dapat melanjutkan dan memperbarui semua file inti Drupal dengan menjalankan perintah berikut:<\/p>\n
sudo -u www-data composer update drupal\/core webflo\/drupal-core-require-dev symfony\/* --with-dependencies<\/pre>\nKesimpulan<\/h2>\n
Selamat, Anda telah berhasil menginstal Drupal 8 menggunakan komposer dan belajar cara memasang modul dan tema. Anda sekarang dapat mulai menyesuaikan situs Anda.<\/p>\n
Panduan Pengguna<\/a> Drupal 8 adalah tempat baik untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang cara mengelola instalasi Drupal. Anda juga dapat mendapatkan informasi berharga dengan mengunjungi\u00a0template project Drupal Composer<\/a> di Github.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Drupal adalah salah satu platform CMS open source yang populer di seluruh dunia. Drupal ditulis…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1898,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[44,92,28,22,9,129],"class_list":["post-1897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ubuntu","tag-cms","tag-lets-encrypt","tag-nginx","tag-php","tag-ubuntu","tag-ubuntu-18-04"],"yoast_head":"\n
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