{"id":2122,"date":"2025-04-18T16:08:12","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T09:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/post\/?p=2122"},"modified":"2025-04-18T16:08:12","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T09:08:12","slug":"cara-amankan-nginx-dengan-lets-encrypt-di-centos-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/post\/cara-amankan-nginx-dengan-lets-encrypt-di-centos-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Cara Amankan Nginx Dengan Let\u2019s Encrypt di CentOS 7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Let\u2019s Encrypt adalah\u00a0certificate authority terbuka dan gratis\u00a0 yang dikembangkan oleh\u00a0Internet Security Research Group<\/em>(ISRG). Sertifikat yang dikeluarkan oleh Let\u2019s Encrypt dipercaya oleh hampir semua browser hari ini.<\/p>\n

Dalam tutorial ini, kami akan memberikan petunjuk langkah demi langkah tentang cara mengamankan Nginx Anda dengan Let\u2019s Encrypt menggunakan certbot\u00a0tool di\u00a0 CentOS 7.<\/p>\n

Prasyarat<\/h2>\n

Pastikan Anda telah memenuhi prasyarat berikut sebelum melanjutkan dengan tutorial ini:<\/p>\n

Install Certbot<\/h2>\n

Certbot adalah tools berfitur lengkap dan mudah digunakan yang dapat mengotomatiskan tugas untuk mendapatkan dan memperbarui sertifikat SSL Let\u2019s Encrypt. Certbot juga akan mengatur segala konfigurasi web server agar langsung dapat menggunakan sertifikat.<\/p>\n

Untuk menginstal paket certbot dari repositori EPEL jalankan perintah berikut :<\/p>\n

sudo yum install certbot<\/pre>\n
Membuat Sertifikat Dh (Diffie-Hellman) Key Exchange<\/h2>\n
Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange (DH)\u00a0adalah metode pertukaran kunci kriptografi yang aman di saluran komunikasi yang tidak aman. Kita akan menghasilkan set parameter DH 2048 bit baru untuk memperkuat keamanan:<\/p>\n
sudo openssl dhparam -out \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/dhparam.pem 2048<\/pre>\n
Jika masih paranoid, Anda dapat mengubah ukuran hingga 4096 bit, tetapi dalam hal ini, pembuatannya dapat memakan waktu lebih dari 30 menit tergantung pada kemampuan pemrosesan sistem Anda.<\/p>\n
Memperoleh sertifikat SSL\u00a0Let\u2019s Encrypt<\/h2>\n
Untuk memperoleh sertifikat SSL untuk domain, kita akan menggunakan plugin Webroot yang berfungsi dengan membuat file sementara untuk memvalidasi domain yang diminta dalam direktori\u00a0${webroot-path}\/.well-known\/acme-challenge<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Server Let\u2019s Encrypt membuat permintaan HTTP ke file sementara untuk memvalidasi bahwa domain yang diminta menyelesaikan permintaan data ke server tempat certbot berjalan.<\/p>\n
Untuk membuatnya lebih sederhana, kita akan memetakan semua permintaan HTTP untuk\u00a0.well-known\/acme-challenge<\/code>ke satu direktori,\u00a0\/var\/lib\/letsencrypt<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Perintah berikut akan\u00a0membuat direktori<\/a>\u00a0dan membuatnya writable oleh Nginx server.<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/var\/lib\/letsencrypt\/.well-known
\n
\nsudo chgrp nginx \/var\/lib\/letsencrypt
\n
\nsudo chmod g+s \/var\/lib\/letsencrypt<\/pre>\n
Untuk menghindari duplikasi kode, buat dua snippet berikut yang akan kita sertakan dalam semua file server blok Nginx.<\/p>\n
Buka editor teks Anda dan buat snippet\u00a0letsencrypt.conf<\/code>:<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir \/etc\/nginx\/snippets<\/pre>\n
location ^~ \/.well-known\/acme-challenge\/ {
\n  allow all;
\n  root \/var\/lib\/letsencrypt\/;
\n  default_type \"text\/plain\";
\n  try_files $uri =404;
\n}<\/pre>\n
Buat snippet\u00a0ssl.conf<\/code>\u00a0yang mencakup chipper yang direkomendasikan oleh\u00a0Mozilla<\/a>, memungkinkan OCSP Stapling, HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) dan memberlakukan beberapa header HTTP yang berfokus pada keamanan.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/snippets\/ssl.conf<\/pre>\n
ssl_dhparam \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/dhparam.pem;
\n
\nssl_session_timeout 1d;
\nssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
\nssl_session_tickets off;
\n
\nssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
\nssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS';
\nssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
\n
\nssl_stapling on;
\nssl_stapling_verify on;
\nresolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
\nresolver_timeout 30s;
\n
\nadd_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=15768000; includeSubdomains; preload\";
\nadd_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
\nadd_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;<\/pre>\n
Setelah snippets dibuat, buka server block domain dan sertakan snippet\u00a0letsencrypt.conf<\/code>\u00a0seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini:<\/p>\n
\/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/example.com.conf<\/pre>\n
server {
\n  listen 80;
\n  server_name example.com www.example.com;
\n
\n  include snippets\/letsencrypt.conf;
\n}<\/pre>\n
Restart layanan Nginx<\/a>\u00a0agar perubahan diterapkan:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl reload nginx<\/pre>\n
Anda sekarang dapat menjalankan Certbot dengan plugin webroot dan mendapatkan file sertifikat SSL dengan mengetik perintah :<\/p>\n
sudo certbot certonly --agree-tos --email [email\u00a0protected]<\/a> --webroot -w \/var\/lib\/letsencrypt\/ -d example.com -d www.example.com<\/pre>\n
Jika sertifikat SSL berhasil diperoleh, certbot akan mencetak pesan berikut:<\/p>\n
IMPORTANT NOTES:
\n - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
\n   \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/fullchain.pem
\n   Your key file has been saved at:
\n   \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/privkey.pem
\n   Your cert will expire on 2018-06-11. To obtain a new or tweaked
\n   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
\n   again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
\n   \"certbot renew\"
\n - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
\n
\n   Donating to ISRG \/ Let's Encrypt:   https:\/\/letsencrypt.org\/donate
\n   Donating to EFF:         https:\/\/eff.org\/donate-le<\/pre>\n
Sekarang Anda memiliki file sertifikat, Anda dapat mengedit server block domain Anda sebagai berikut:<\/p>\n
server {
\n    listen 80;
\n    server_name www.example.com example.com;
\n
\n    include snippets\/letsencrypt.conf;
\n    return 301 https:\/\/$host$request_uri;
\n}
\n
\nserver {
\n    listen 443 ssl http2;
\n    server_name www.example.com;
\n
\n    ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/fullchain.pem;
\n    ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/privkey.pem;
\n    ssl_trusted_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/chain.pem;
\n    include snippets\/ssl.conf;
\n    include snippets\/letsencrypt.conf;
\n
\n    return 301 https:\/\/example.com$request_uri;
\n}
\n
\nserver {
\n    listen 443 ssl http2;
\n    server_name example.com;
\n
\n    ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/fullchain.pem;
\n    ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/privkey.pem;
\n    ssl_trusted_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/chain.pem;
\n    include snippets\/ssl.conf;
\n    include snippets\/letsencrypt.conf;
\n
\n    # . . . other code
\n}<\/pre>\n
Dengan konfigurasi di atas kita memaksa menggunakan HTTPS dan mengalihkan dari versi www ke versi non www.<\/p>\n
Restart layanan Nginx agar perubahan diterapkan:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl reload nginx<\/pre>\n
Cara Perpanjang Otomatis Sertifikat SSL Let\u2019s Encrypt<\/h2>\n
Sertifikat Let\u2019s Encrypt\u2019s berlaku selama 90 hari. Untuk secara otomatis memperbarui sertifikat sebelum habis masa berlakunya, paket certbot membuat cronjob<\/a> yang berjalan dua kali sehari dan secara otomatis akan memperbarui sertifikat apa pun dalam kurun waktu 30 hari sebelum masa berlaku sertifikat berakhir.<\/p>\n
Jalankan perintah crontab<\/code> untuk membuat cronjob baru:<\/p>\n
sudo crontab -e<\/pre>\n
Copy dan paste\u00a0baris berikut:<\/p>\n
0 *\/12 * * * root test -x \/usr\/bin\/certbot -a \\! -d \/run\/systemd\/system && perl -e 'sleep int(rand(3600))' && certbot -q renew --renew-hook \"systemctl reload nginx\"<\/pre>\n
Simpan dan tutup file.<\/p>\n
Untuk menguji proses pembaruan, Anda dapat menggunakan perintah certbot diikuti oleh pernyataan\u00a0--dry-run<\/code> :<\/p>\n
sudo certbot renew --dry-run<\/pre>\n
Jika tidak ada kesalahan, itu berarti bahwa proses pembaruan tes berhasil.<\/p>\n
Kesimpulan<\/h2>\n
Dalam tutorial ini, Anda menggunakan klien Let\u2019s Encrypt, certbot untuk mengunduh sertifikat SSL untuk domain Anda. Anda juga telah membuat snippets Nginx untuk menghindari duplikasi kode dan mengonfigurasi Nginx untuk menggunakan sertifikat. Di akhir tutorial Anda telah menyiapkan cronjob untuk perpanjangan sertifikat otomatis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Let\u2019s Encrypt adalah\u00a0certificate authority terbuka dan gratis\u00a0 yang dikembangkan oleh\u00a0Internet Security Research Group(ISRG). 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