{"id":836,"date":"2020-02-23T08:42:03","date_gmt":"2020-02-23T01:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/post\/?p=836"},"modified":"2025-04-18T15:21:03","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T08:21:03","slug":"tutorial-konfigurasi-nginx-server-blocks-di-debian-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linuxid.net\/post\/tutorial-konfigurasi-nginx-server-blocks-di-debian-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Tutorial Konfigurasi Nginx Server Blocks di Debian 10"},"content":{"rendered":"

Server block Nginx memungkinkan Anda untuk menjalankan lebih dari satu situs web pada satu mesin. Dengan Server Blocks, Anda dapat menentukan root dokumen situs (direktori yang berisi file situs web), membuat kebijakan keamanan terpisah untuk setiap situs, menggunakan sertifikat SSL berbeda untuk setiap situs dan banyak lagi.<\/p>\n

Dalam tutorial ini, kami akan menunjukkan cara mengatur server blocks Nginx di Debian\u00a010.<\/p>\n

Prasyarat<\/h2>\n

Pastikan Anda telah memenuhi prasyarat berikut sebelum melanjutkan dengan tutorial ini:<\/p>\n

Dalam beberapa dokumentasi, Anda akan melihat server block<\/code> dirujuk sebagai Virtual host<\/code>. Virtual host adalah istilah Apache.<\/p>\n

Buat Struktur Direktori<\/h2>\n

Root document adalah direktori tempat file situs web untuk nama domain disimpan dan disajikan sebagai respons terhadap permintaan.<\/p>\n

Root document dapat berupa direktori apa saja di server Debian Anda. Dalam panduan ini kita akan menggunakan struktur direktori berikut:<\/p>\n

\/var\/www\/
\n  \u251c\u2500\u2500 domain1.com<\/span>
\n  \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 public_html<\/span>
\n  \u251c\u2500\u2500 domain2.com<\/span>
\n  \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 public_html<\/span>
\n  \u251c\u2500\u2500 domain3.com<\/span>
\n  \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 public_html<\/span><\/pre>\n
Kita akan membuat direktori terpisah untuk setiap domain yang akan di-host di server kami di dalam direktori \/var\/www<\/code>. Dalam setiap direktori ini, kami akan membuat direktori public_html yang akan menyimpan file situs web.<\/p>\n
Mulai dengan membuat direktori<\/a> root untuk domain example.com<\/code>:<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/var\/www\/example.com\/public_html<\/pre>\n
Selanjutnya, buat file index.html<\/code> di dalam direktori root dokumen domain dengan text editor nano<\/code><\/a>.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/var\/www\/example.com\/public_html\/index.html<\/pre>\n
Copy dan paste baris berikut:<\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">
\n  <head>
\n    <meta charset=\"utf-8\">
\n    <title>Selamat Datang <\/title>
\n  <\/head>
\n  <body>
\n    <h1>Contoh Server Block di Debian 10 berhasil!<\/h1>
\n  <\/body>
\n<\/html><\/pre>\n
Untuk menghindari masalah izin, ubah kepemilikan direktori root dokumen domain ke pengguna Nginx (www-data<\/code>) dengan menggunakan perintah chown<\/a> berikut :<\/p>\n
sudo chown -R www-data: \/var\/www\/example.com<\/pre>\n
Buat Blok Server<\/h2>\n
Secara default pada sistem Debian, server Nginx memblok file konfigurasi disimpan di direktori \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available<\/code>, yang diaktifkan melalui symbolic links ke direktori \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Buka editor pilihan Anda dan buat file blok server berikut<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/example.com.conf<\/pre>\n
copy dan paste konten berikut<\/p>\n
server {
\n    listen 80;
\n    listen [::]:80;
\n
\n    root \/var\/www\/example.com\/public_html;
\n
\n    index index.html;
\n
\n    server_name example.com www.example.com;
\n
\n     access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/example.com.access.log;
\n     error_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/example.com.error.log;
\n
\n    location \/ {
\n        try_files $uri $uri\/ =404;
\n    }
\n}<\/pre>\n
Anda dapat memberi nama file konfigurasi sesuka Anda, tetapi sangat disarankan untuk menggunakan nama domain.<\/p>\n
Aktifkan file blok server baru dengan membuat symbolic link<\/a> dari file ke direktori\u00a0sites-enabled<\/code>:<\/p>\n
sudo ln -s \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/example.com.conf \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/<\/pre>\n
Uji konfigurasi Nginx untuk melihat semua sintaks sudah benar:<\/p>\n
sudo nginx -t<\/pre>\n
Jika tidak ada kesalahan, hasilnya akan terlihat seperti ini:<\/p>\n
nginx: the configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf syntax is ok
\nnginx: configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf test is successful
\n<\/pre>\n
Restart layanan Nginx<\/a> agar perubahan diterapkan:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/pre>\n
Akhirnya untuk memverifikasi blok server berfungsi seperti yang diharapkan, buka http:\/\/example.com<\/code> di browser pilihan Anda, dan Anda akan melihat sesuatu seperti ini:<\/p>\n
\"Contoh<\/a><\/p>\n
Kesimpulan<\/h2>\n
Anda telah belajar cara membuat konfigurasi server block di Nginx untuk meng-host beberapa domain pada satu server Debian 10.<\/p>\n
Anda dapat mengulangi langkah-langkah yang kami uraikan di atas dan membuat server block tambahan untuk semua domain Anda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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